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due to the possibility of side-effects, drug interactions,
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Animal Model:
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Rat Prenatal Immune Challenge: LPS
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Preparation Type:
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Developmental Preparations
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DA-related behavior:
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Increased amphetamine-induced locomotion
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Gating:
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Enhanced acoustic startle; disrupted PPI (worse in males)
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Cognitive behavior:
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Impaired object recognition (post-puberty)
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Social behavior:
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Reduced social interaction, possibly due to increased anxiety
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Molecular/morphological signature:
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Reduced dendritic complexity in PFC and hippocampus;
increased accumbal DA and striatal DOPAC; elevated serum and
fetal brain cytokine levels; altered frontal synaptophysin
expression; reduced parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the
hippocampus; down regulated expression of several genes
involved in neurogenesis and neuronal migration; (direction
of some changes are age-dependent)
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Response to APD:
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PPI deficit and elevated serum cytokines both reversed by
haloperidol
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Citations:
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Borrell J, Vela JM, Arévalo-Martin A, Molina-Holgado
E, Guaza C. Prenatal immune challenge disrupts sensorimotor
gating in adult rats. Implications for the etiopathogenesis
of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology . 2002 Feb 1 ;
26(2):204-15. Abstract
Baharnoori M, Brake WG, Srivastava LK. Prenatal
immune challenge induces developmental changes in the
morphology of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex and
hippocampus in rats. Schizophr Res . 2009 Jan 1 ;
107(1):99-109. Abstract
Fortier ME, Joober R, Luheshi GN, Boksa P. Maternal
exposure to bacterial endotoxin during pregnancy enhances
amphetamine-induced locomotion and startle responses in
adult rat offspring. J Psychiatr Res . 2004 May-Jun ;
38(3):335-45. Abstract
Fortier ME, Luheshi GN, Boksa P. Effects of prenatal
infection on prepulse inhibition in the rat depend on the
nature of the infectious agent and the stage of pregnancy.
Behav Brain Res . 2007 Aug 6 ; 181(2):270-7. Abstract
Hava G, Vered L, Yael M, Mordechai H, Mahoud H.
Alterations in behavior in adult offspring mice following
maternal inflammation during pregnancy. Dev Psychobiol .
2006 Mar 1 ; 48(2):162-8. Abstract
Romero E, Ali C, Molina-Holgado E, Castellano B,
Guaza C, Borrell J. Neurobehavioral and immunological
consequences of prenatal immune activation in rats.
Influence of antipsychotics. Neuropsychopharmacology . 2007
Aug 1 ; 32(8):1791-804. Abstract
Romero E, Guaza C, Castellano B, Borrell J. Ontogeny
of sensorimotor gating and immune impairment induced by
prenatal immune challenge in rats: implications for the
etiopathology of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry . 2008 Apr
15. Abstract
Jenkins TA, Harte MK, Stenson G, Reynolds GP.
Neonatal lipopolysaccharide induces pathological changes in
parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the rat.
Behav Brain Res . 2009 Dec 28 ; 205(2):355-9. Abstract
Oskvig DB, Elkahloun AG, Johnson KR, Phillips TM,
Herkenham M. Maternal immune activation by LPS selectively
alters specific gene expression profiles of interneuron
migration and oxidative stress in the fetus without
triggering a fetal immune response. Brain Behav Immun . 2012
May ; 26(4):623-34. Abstract
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