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product or therapy. ALL medications and supplements
should be taken ONLY under the supervision of a physician,
due to the possibility of side-effects, drug interactions,
etc.
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Animal Model:
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Rat Isolation Rearing
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Preparation Type:
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Developmental Preparations
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DA-related behavior:
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Enhanced amphetamine-induced locomotion and DA release
(strain-dependent)
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Gating:
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Disrupted PPI (strain-dependent)
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Cognitive behavior:
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Performance on Morris water maze and T-maze appears normal
Impaired novel object recognition, attentional set-shifting,
and performance on Morris water maze
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Social behavior:
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Increased social interaction and aggression (males);
impaired social recognition
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Molecular/morphological signature:
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Reduced PFC volume (neuron # unchanged) and GAT-1
expression; altered accumbal protein expression (some
correlated with PPI deficits); reduced accumbal dendritic
length and spine density; altered NMDA receptor mRNA and
protein expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal
cortex; enhanced amplitudes of hippocampal voltage-dependent
transient outward K+ currents
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Response to APD:
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Raclopride reversed PPI deficit
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Citations:
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Geyer MA, Wilkinson LS, Humby T, Robbins TW. Isolation
rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of
acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia. Biol
Psychiatry . 1993 Sep 15 ; 34(6):361-72. Abstract
Varty GB, Geyer MA. Effects of isolation rearing on
startle reactivity, habituation, and prepulse inhibition in
male Lewis, Sprague-Dawley, and Fischer F344 rats. Behav
Neurosci . 1998 Dec 1 ; 112(6):1450-7. Abstract
Weiss IC, Di Iorio L, Feldon J, Domeney AM. Strain
differences in the isolation-induced effects on prepulse
inhibition of the acoustic startle response and on locomotor
activity. Behav Neurosci . 2000 Apr 1 ; 114(2):364-73. Abstract
Heidbreder CA, Weiss IC, Domeney AM, Pryce C,
Homberg J, Hedou G, Feldon J, Moran MC, Nelson P.
Behavioral, neurochemical and endocrinological
characterization of the early social isolation syndrome.
Neuroscience . 2000 Jan 1 ; 100(4):749-68. Abstract
Day-Wilson KM, Jones DN, Southam E, Cilia J,
Totterdell S. Medial prefrontal cortex volume loss in rats
with isolation rearing-induced deficits in prepulse
inhibition of acoustic startle. Neuroscience . 2006 Sep 1 ;
141(3):1113-21. Abstract
Ferdman N, Murmu RP, Bock J, Braun K, Leshem M.
Weaning age, social isolation, and gender, interact to
determine adult explorative and social behavior, and
dendritic and spine morphology in prefrontal cortex of rats.
Behav Brain Res . 2007 Jun 18 ; 180(2):174-82. Abstract
Roncada P, Bortolato M, Frau R, Saba P, Flore G,
Soggiu A, Pisanu S, Amoresano A, Carpentieri A, Devoto P.
Gating deficits in isolation-reared rats are correlated with
alterations in protein expression in nucleus accumbens. J
Neurochem . 2009 Feb 1 ; 108(3):611-20. Abstract
McLean S, Grayson B, Harris M, Protheroe C, Bate S,
Woolley M, Neill J. Isolation rearing impairs novel object
recognition and attentional set shifting performance in
female rats. J Psychopharmacol . 2008 Nov 21. Abstract
Bloomfield C, French SJ, Jones DN, Reavill C,
Southam E, Cilia J, Totterdell S. Chandelier cartridges in
the prefrontal cortex are reduced in isolation reared rats.
Synapse . 2008 Aug 1 ; 62(8):628-31. Abstract
Fone KC, Porkess MV. Behavioural and neurochemical
effects of post-weaning social isolation in
rodents-relevance to developmental neuropsychiatric
disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev . 2008 Aug 1 ;
32(6):1087-102. Abstract
Alquicer G, Morales-Medina JC, Quirion R, Flores G.
Postweaning social isolation enhances morphological changes
in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion rat model of
psychosis. J Chem Neuroanat . 2008 Mar 1 ; 35(2):179-87. Abstract
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